87 research outputs found
A Note on Parameterised Knowledge Operations in Temporal Logic
We consider modeling the conception of knowledge in terms of temporal logic.
The study of knowledge logical operations is originated around 1962 by
representation of knowledge and belief using modalities. Nowadays, it is very
good established area. However, we would like to look to it from a bit another
point of view, our paper models knowledge in terms of linear temporal logic
with {\em past}. We consider various versions of logical knowledge operations
which may be defined in this framework. Technically, semantics, language and
temporal knowledge logics based on our approach are constructed. Deciding
algorithms are suggested, unification in terms of this approach is commented.
This paper does not offer strong new technical outputs, instead we suggest new
approach to conception of knowledge (in terms of time).Comment: 10 page
Improving the method of solar radiation durability determination of cable products
The authors suggest an extra physic-mechanical procedure to determine durability of cable goods to solar radiation exposure. The test check was carried out using the standard and the proposed procedures. The results of two tests were compared and analyzed. The use of the proposed technique allows improving the validity and reliability of the laboratory experiment conducted in a real production environment and exclude the low-quality cable items. The only disadvantage of the proposed technique is its labor intensiveness
Flexural stiffness of lightweight steel-concrete slab panels made of low-density foam concrete
Lightweight steel-concrete structures (LSCS) are a type of steel-concrete structures where the filling concrete is monolithic (pouring) foam concrete with density 100-1000 kg/m3, the profile steel is lightweight steel thin-walled structures (LSTS), and fiber cement panels perform the function of non-removable formwork. As a rule, these structures are made of structural and heat-insulating foam concrete, which has good insulation and technical characteristics and sufficient strength. The object of the study is lightweight steel-concrete slab panels, which are one of the special cases of LSCS, made of monolithic foam concrete with density of 400 kg/m3. An analysis of the bending stiffness of LSBC slab panels by comparing the experimental data with analytical calculations was carried out. It was found that bendable LSCS made of monolithic foam concrete with density of 400 kg/m3 operate in physical nonlinear way. It was shown that the bending stiffness of LSCS floor panels can be determined as the sum of stiffnesses of profiled steel and foam concrete at the linear stage of work. The reliability of the proposed methodology within the limits of linear operation was demonstrated. It was proved both experimentally and theoretically that the bending stiffness of panels based on LSCS is higher than the bending stiffness of similar panels made of lightweight thin-walled steel (LTSS) by about 30%
Computing Truth of Logical Statements in Multi-Agentsβ Environment
Thispaperdescribeslogical models and computational algorithmsforlogical statements(specs) including various versions ofChanceDiscovery(CD).The approachisbased attemporal multi-agentlogic. Prime question is how to express most essential properties of CD in terms of temporal logic (branching time multi-agentsβ logic or a linear one), how to deο¬ne CD by formulas in logical language. We, as an example, introduce several formulas in the language of temporal multi-agent logic which may express essential properties of CD. Then we study computational questions (in particular, using some light modiο¬cation of the standard ο¬ltration technique we show that the constructed logic has the ο¬nite-model property with eο¬ectively computable upper bound; this proves that the logic is decidable and provides a decision algorithm). At the ο¬nal part of the paper we consider interpretation of CD via uncertainty and plausibility in an extension ofthelineartemporallogicLTL and computationfortruth values(satisο¬ability) ofits formulas.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ (Π‘Π) ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π‘Π Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π‘Π Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ» ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ» Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π‘Π. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»
Fire resistance of lightweight steel-concrete slab panels under high-temperature exposure
Lightweight steel concrete structures (LSCS) - an innovative energy-efficient building structure type that can be used both as load-bearing and as enclosing one. They consist of profiled steel - usually galvanized and cold-bent - filled with a monolithic foam concrete with a 400kg/m3 density and with fiber cement sheets sheathing. These structures can be used in industrial and civil buildings as internal and external bearing and enclosing wall structures and as slabs, energy-efficient roof covering. According to the LSCS production method, prefabricated panels (walls and slabs) and building site performed constructions are distinguished. The paper presents the testing results with the aim to determine the fire resistance limit of a slab panel fragment by bearing capacity (R), loss of integrity (E), loss of heat insulating capability (I) and fire hazard class. Two samples of a slab panel fragment were selected for the fire resistance high-temperature tests. The actual fire resistance limit of samples of the slab panel fragment is at least REI 60 with a uniformly distributed load 4 kN/m2
ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°
The subject of the article concerns the assessment of the effectiveness of law.Β Β Β Β Β Β The purpose of the article is to identify indicators that reflect the effectiveness of the law.The methodology of the research includes complex analysis of scientific legal literature, synthesis of ideas as well as formal-legal method of interpretation of legal acts.The main results and scope of their application. More than 2500 existing normative legal acts of the Russian Federation contain various requirements for improving the efficiency of legal regulation. The complexity of the study is caused by the lack of a common understanding of the phenomenon. The effectiveness of the law is often understood by many authors as the ability to influence public relations in a certain direction useful for society; or as the ability to influence positively on social relations at the lowest cost; or as fundamental feasibility, predetermined by common knowledge, clarity and consistency of legal norms; the correspondence between the objectives of the legislator and development of social relations. Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β An indicator of the effectiveness of legislation is a criterion for determining the degree of achievement of the goals and objectives of legal regulation. The indicators that are offered by scientists for assessment the effectiveness of law, has logical defects. These indicators are^ frequency of application of laws that are estimated for the effectiveness (I. Samoshchenko, V. I. Nikitinsky, A. B. Vengerov); measure of conflict regulated by this norm of social relations (V. Lapaeva); proportional ratio of the number of facts of lawful behavior to the number of cases of illegal behavior (T. Geiger and E. Hirsch), etc.Conclusions. The following formula can be proposed to determine the effectiveness of the law: effectiveness = LR2βLR1, where: LR1 - initial legal relations, and LR2 β the state of legal relations on the current date. Effectiveness can be measured in this formula in a number of violations and satisfied claims and complaints. There is no direct connection with the goal of legal regulation in this formula but it is possible, to trace the dynamics of the effectiveness of law with this formula by using statistics data.Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°: ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±
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